!!! ALL THIS IS AT YOUR OWN RISK !!!
!!! IF YOU BLOW UP YOUR HOUSE OR CAR ITS YOUR OWN FAULT !!!
I have manufactured biodiesel and it works just like normal fuel. In a VW TDI driving carefully the bio gave slightly better mpg. Driving normal to quick it gave about 5% less mpg than normal. The latter was reasonable because the biofuel has about 5% less energy value than normal diesel (using year 2000 fuels it was). The catalysed exhaust was totally smell free nothing and the engine ran so smooth it (almost) sounded like a non diesel. Non catalysed exhaust has a slightly chippy smell but not anywhere as bad as an engine running neat vege oil.
Biodiesel contains oxygen locked into the molecules which is released when its heated & burnt so the fuel ignites more smoothly than dino (dead dinosaur) diesel. That explains the better constant throttle economy. The cetane number is a fair bit higher than petrodiesel so there is less diesel clatter.
Its made using a process similar to soap with caustic soda. But instead of water the oil must be totally dry and 15% methanol is added. The extracts the heavy glycerols from the oil and creates a methy ester which is lighter and more consistent burning.
The biggest problem is drying the source waste oil and washing the residual caustic out of the fuel. I used a bubble system over water but a fine mist water spray has been found to be easier and just as good.
It can be made in a 2 litre coke bottle
The manufacturing process for waste oils and animal fats is more complex but basically the same.
- Mix up 150ml of methanol CH3OH** with 4g of caustic soda (NaOH) and mix VERY VERY CAREFULLY. This stuff will burn in seconds and makes paint stripper lool like fairy liquid!
- Heat 1 litre of unused veg oil to 50 degs C (no more no less) and pour into the coke bottle.
- Pour in the caustic methanol mixture, screw on the cap and shake the coke bottle for 2 minutes/ Leave to stand for an hour or so.
- The glycerols settle to the bottom of the bottle with the biodlesel on top. It must be washed before it can be used in the car as it still has a high pH.
- Pour off the BioD and use it as a cleaning solvent. To wash it, use more coke bottles with 500ml of water and the litre of BioD. Slowly swill the biodiesel and water mix. The water will draw out the caustic. Use 3 separate water changes and the stuff is fit for the car. Do not over agitate or you will make soap.
Large batches are done in plastic barrels with power mixers, pumps. etc.
** This is where the biodiesel gets its oxygen content. Each ester chain is capped with an OH ion.
The left over glycerols are very caustic but add water and they become an excellent soap.
Snags:
- Biodiesel has great solvent abilities. It will turn silicone rubber hard and frees seized bolts amazingly well. Its ok on modern engines as they have to comply with today's 5% bio content of diesel fuels.
- It will damage rubber seals and pipes in older vehicles.
- It also cleans out the diesel fuel tank which will have a layer of waxes and debris on the bottom. That will clog pipes and filters so for older cars the fuel tank must be pre-cleaned out or replaced with new.
- Pure biodiesel gels at around 0 degs C so some sort of trace heating on fuel pipes & filter is needed for heavy cold winters.
!!! ALL THIS IS AT YOUR OWN RISK !!!
!!! IF YOU BLOW UP YOUR HOUSE OR CAR ITS YOUR OWN FAULT !!!