Older diesels, with mechanical injection, have a tendency for the injectors to gently contaminate, which results in poorer atomisation of the fuel, the burn is less efficient as a result, so uses more fuel and makes more smoke. A good brand name fuel system cleaner can reduce or remove the contamination, restoring some of the efficiency, and reducing the black smoke.
If there's less soot, EGR valves have an easier time too, taking longer to foul up, but fuel additives will not clean an EGR valve.
If it claims to clean the injectors, good. If it claims other nonsense, they're adding BS.
Redex and STP are established brands.
My brother has run a lot of old diesels over many years. Using additives has cleaned them all to some extent, making him easier (less unpleasant) to follow in traffic.
Additives for petrol engines do less work.